Machine for broaching bearings



Feb. 1, 1944. w. J. FIEG EL MACHINE FOR BROACHING BEARINGS Filed April 7, 1941 ll Sheets-Sheet 1 INVEN TOR.

Feb. 1, 1944. w; J. FIEGEL MACHINE FOR BROACHING BEARINGS Filed April 7, 1941' 11 Sheets-Sheei 2 INVENTOR.

WILLIAM J.FIEGE 1. BY M19 f M ATTORNEYS Feb. 1, 1944. w FlEGEL 2,340,653

MACHINE FOR BROACHING BEARINGS Filed April '7, 1941 11 Sheets-Sheet s INVEN TOR.

ATTORNEYS Feb. 1, 1944. w. J. FIEGEL 2,340,653

MACHINE FOR BROACHING BEARINGS Filed Apri1'7, 1941 ll Sheets-Sheet 4 IENTOR.

WILLIAM J.FIEGEL BY ATTORNEYS Feb. 1, 1944. v J. FIEGEL MACHINE FOR BROAGHING BEARINGS,

Filed April 7, 1941 11 Sheets-Sheet s INVENTOR WILLIAM J.FIE EL WWW, 1 W ATTORNEYS W. J. FIEGEL MACHINE FOR BROACHING BEARINGS Feb. 1, 1944.

Filed April 7, 1941' 11 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR. WILLIAM J.FIEGEL .u my F N W w a w/ ATTORNEYS Feb. 1, 1944. w. .1. FIEGEL MACHINE FOR BROAGHING BEARINGS Filed April '7, 1941 ll Sheets-Sheet '7 INVENTOR.I

WILLIAM J.FIEGEL ATTORNEYS Feb. 1, 1944. w, J, HEGEL' 2,340,653

MACHINE FOR BROACHING BEARINGS Filed April 7, 1941 ll Sheets-Sheet 8 I NV EN TOR.

WILLIAM LI-IE2 EL Feb. 1, 1944.

' W. J. FIEGEL MACHINE FOR BROACHING BEARINGS Filed April '7, 1941 ll Sheets-She et 9 QQE INVENTOR.

.FIEZEL ATTORNEYS WI LIAM J FeB. 1, 1944. w.. J. FIEGEL 2,340,553

MACHINE FOR BROACHING BEARINGS Filed April 7, 1941 11 Sheets-Sheet 11 FIGZO.

E FIG. ZI.

INVENTOR.

w1 LIAM J.F|E EL 7" W ATTORNEYS Patented Feb. 1, 1944 i MACHINE FOR BROACHING BEARINGS William J. Fiegel, Detroit, Mich., asslgnor to Bohn Aluminum & Brass Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application April 7,1941, Serial No. 387,317

35 Claims.

The present invention relates to a machine for performing an operation in the manufacture of journaled bearing liner segments. Segments of this type are employed as liners for journal boxes or bearings, and must be interchangeable. Accordingly, these parts must be keptwithin very narrow limits of finished dimensions.

Liners of the type referred to are essentially semicylindrical steel shells having bearing material on their inner surfaces. The bearing material is initially provided with excess thickness, and the operation referred to herein is the removal of excess bearing material to finish the segments to final dimension. The operation is preferably a broaching operation.

The machine forming the subject matter of the present invention is fully automatic, and requires the attendance of a single operator, whose task is merely to provide a. supply of unfinished segments and periodically to remove an accumulation of finished segments.

Very briefly outlined, the operation of the machine is as follows: Unfinished segments are fed to the machine, which receives them serially from a supply device and positions them in a locator. A transfer mechanism picks the segments up from the locator and deposits them in a die. A clamp locks the segments in the die, and a broach is traversed relative to the die to finishcut the bearing material to final dimension.

The transfer mechanism then picks the finished segment out of the die, and means are provided for stacking the finished segments in partially nested relation.

The degree of accuracy required is very high, and means are provided for efiecting necessary adjustments between the die and broach during operation of the machine. The machine is further designed to avoid shocks or jars by moving parts, and accordingly pneumatic control and actuation is employed. Cushioned air cylinders are provided for a number of operations, and reciprocation of the tool is efiected by a pair of constant mesh, reversible worms and gradually engaging clutches.

Control of the sequential steps of operation is made to depend in part upon satisfactory completion of a preceding step, so that in the event of failure, the operation of the machine is interrupted until the difficulty which caused the interruption is cured.

With the foregoing brief summary of the machine in mind, it is among the objects of the present invention to provide a fully automatic machine of the character described adapted to perform the functions referred to.

More specifically it is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic machine having transfer mechanism for transferring unfin-' ished work pieces from a supply serially to the machining mechanism and to transfer finished work pieces from the machining mechanism to a receiver located adjacent said supply.

It is a further object of the present invention i to provide a machine in which adjustments between tool and work supports may be made without interrupting operation of the machine.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a machine in which all movements of heavy operating parts is cushioned to avoid the introduction of errors by jars.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a. cyclically operating machine of the character described in which each step of the cycle is dependent upon completion ofthe pre-' ceding step. a

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cyclically operating machine havinga special double reversible worm drive.

Other objects of the invention will be-apparent as the description proceeds, and when taken in conjunction with the accompanying.

drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a perspective of the machine, look-- Figure 7 is a fragmentary section on the line 7, Figure 3; g

Figure 8 is a fragmentary section on the line 9 9,Figure 3;

Figure 9 is a fragmentary vertical longitudinal section illustrating an adjustment of the machine;

Figure 10 is a section on the line lilli Fig ure 3;

Figures 11 and 12 are views similar to Figure 10, showing the parts in successive operating {30- sition Figure 13 is a plan view of the turn-over mechanism Figure 14 is a section on the linel L-it, Figure 13;

the machine, look- Figure 15 is a control circuit diagram, including some of the operating elements;

Figure 16 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the pneumatic controls employed;

Figure 17 is a section through the air control structure for operating the stripping levers of the pick-up device;

Fi 8 i a ver i al section throu h t e bearing locator;

Figure 19 is a section on the line I9l9, Figure 3:

Figure 20 is a fragmentary plan view, partly in section, at about the section line 2Ifi2I, Fig, ure 3, showing some of the air control system; and

Figure 21 is a vertical section on the line 2I2I, Figure 3. with the carriage moved to the right as seen in Figure 3.

Since the machine embodying the present invention is a rather complicated piece of mechanism, a brief description of the same will be given before proceeding to a more detailed description of the structural elements. For this purpose reference is made to Figures 1 to 4. This will facilitate an understanding of the description of the numerous subcombinations and details of the mechanism later to be described.

A chute indicated at I in Figure 3 is provided for receiving a plurality of unfinished bearing liners II and is inclined downwardly toward the machine. as best illu trated in Fi ure 2. The inclination of the slide or chute II) is sufficient so that the unfinished bearing liners II proceed downwardly by gravity. A bearing locator indicated at !2 in Figure 2 is mounted on a slide I 3 which, during operation of the machine, reciprocates between two limiting positions on a supporting rod I311. In one limiting pos tion the bearing locator I2 is positioned in line with the chute If! and is adapted to receive an unfinished bearing therefrom. Turn-over mechanism in dicated generally at I4 is provided for receiving one of the bearings II from the chute Ii]. inverting the same and deposit ng the same in inverted position in the bearing locator I2.

Following this the slide I3 moves to the left as seen in Figure 3 until the bearing locator is accurately aligned with the transfer mechanism indicated generally at I5, and including yoke I6. Yoke I6 is mounted for vertical reciprocation, and for oscillation through an angle of 180 about a vertical axis when in uppermost position. The sequence of movement of the yoke is a lowering, a raising, a 180 oscillation, a lowering, raising, and a reverse 180 oscillation. The yoke H5 at the assumed point in the cycle is in elevated position as indicated in Figure 1, and it now moves downwardly and. a pick-up device I! engages the bearing l. The yoke I6 then moves upwardly and rotates through 180, which will position the bearing retained in the pickeup device I! directly over a die for receiving the bearing. The yoke I6 then moves downwardly and deposits the bearing, then rises to clear other; moving parts of the machine.

A clamping device clamps the bearing accurately in the die and a sliding carriage I8a, having a crosshead I3 carrying a breaching tool is traversed in cutting relation past the bearing, broaching the same to final dimension. With the crosshead I8 to the right after the cutting stroke, the yoke it again descends and picks up the completed bearing from the die. The yoke then rises and revcrsely rotates in a horizontal plane through 180, locating the finished bearing over the slide I3.

By this time the slide I3 has been traversed to the right to the position shown in Figure 1, so that a bearing receiver 20 is now in line with the yoke 16. The yoke again descends and the finished bearing is dropped on the receiver 20. The slide l3 then moves to the left, and the bearing on the receiver 20 is transferred to a platform 2| where it is stacked in partially nested relation with previously machined parts, as indicated at 22.

The foregoing has traced th movements and operations performed upon a single bearing during its passage through the machine. Attention is directed to the fact that while an unfinished bearing is picked up from the bearing locator I2 by the pick-up device I I, a similar pick-up device on the other arm of the yoke I6 is picking up a completed bearing from the die. In like manher when the unfinished bearing is being deposited in the die prior to the machining operation, the bearing which was finished by the preceding stroke of the crosshead I8 is being deposited on the bearing receiver 20.

The machine is adapted to carry out the operation as just described in a fully automatic manner, it being necessary only for the operator to supply the bearings in downwardly concave position in the chute l0 and to remove the accumulated bearings as indicated at 22 from the platform 2!. In addition the automatic operation of the machine is cyclically controlled with interdependent steps so that upon failure of any step the operation of the machine is are rested until the cause of the trouble has been located and cured. Further than this, a number of other novel features are embodied in the machine, such ,for example as the reversible worm drive which reciprocates the crosshead, and others which Will be ointed out. as the specificai n proceeds.

General arrangement and adjustable features Proceeding now to a more detailed description of the actual mechanism which is illustrated in the preferred embodiment of my invention, I provide a heavy frame indicated generally at 30, comprising a base 3!, columns 32 and an upper frame portion 33. A heavy motor bracket 34 is secured to the frame and carries a motor 35 which is adapted to reciprocate the tool carriage I811. The carriage [8a is mounted for accurately guided reciprocation on accurately machined surfaces 35 and 31 (see Figures 2, '7 and 8) to of the machine with great accuracy. The bearing die is indicated generally at 49 (Figure 21) and is supported on an adjustable die block support AI, a spacer 42 being indicated in this figure intermediate the die block and the support 4|. The support 4i comprises an elongated member, as best seen in Figure 9, and is pivotally supported in the frame 39 by means of a pair of balls 43 which are partially received within spherically finished recesses 44 and 45 in blocks 46 and M respectively, The upper blocks 4%, as illustrated,

are tapered and engage correspondingly inclined, accurately machined surfaces 48 of the support 4|.

Means are provided for shifting the blocks 46 and 41 longitudinally of the machine, which will have the result of raising and lowering the bearing die or die block 49 relative to the path of traverse of the broaching tool. This means takes the form of a rod 59 connected to a yoke which, in turn, connects to the lower die blocks 41. The shaft 59 is threaded at one end as indicated at 52, and a wormgear 53 is threaded over the threaded portion 52 of the shaft 50. The worm gear 53 is retained against longitudinal movement between shoulders by a web 54 of the frame and a separable member 55 cooperating therewith. 'Iransversely of the machine is provided a shaft 56 having a worm 57 keyed or otherwise secured thereto and meshing with the worm gear 53. The shaft 59 extends to the front of the machine and terminates in the handwheel illustrated at 58 in Figure 1. As will be evident, rotation of the handwheel 58 will result in at raising or lowering of the die block 49.

In addition to the adjustment of the die block thus far described, a second adjustment is provided for moving the end of the support 4| which carries the die block 49 relative to the frame and transversely of the path of reciprocation of the breaching tool. in Figure '7 in which only a portion of the support 4| is illustrated. In order to prevent interference with vertical adjustment of the end of the support 4| while atthe same time permitting accurate transverse movement thereof, I provide a pair of plates 69 having circular recesses or apertures SI for receiving the pointed end of the adjusting members. The plates 69 will thus permit vertical movement of the support 4|, while at the same time they are effective to move the same transversely and to retain the same tightly clamped in adjusted position. In order to effect transverse adjustment of the end of the support 4 I provide duplicate means at opposite sides of the support 4| together with connections which will provide for a withdrawal of one of the plates 69 equal to the forward movement of the other plate 69. This means takes the form of a shaft 63 which extends transversely across the machine and is provided with an operating handwheel 94 at the front of the machine. The handwheel 64 is also shown in Figure 1. The shaft 63, adjacent its opposite ends, is provided with pinion teeth, as indicated at 65 and 66, and meshing with the pinion teeth 65 and 66 are a pair of relatively large gears 61 and 68 respectively. Gears El and 58 are keyed to shafts 69 and i9, respectively, each of which terminates in a point which is received within the recess 6| provided in the corresponding plate 69. The shafts 69 and 16 are provided with threaded portions 'H and Hirespectively, which are received in threaded relation within sleeves l3 and 74, respectively, the sleeve being non-rotatively held within the frame. Removable plates F5 and 76 are provided in which the outer end of the shafts 69 and 16 respectively are journaled.

Initially, one of the gears 67 or 58 is rotated independently of the other until substantial pressure is applied to the support 4| through the plates 99, this relative movement between the gears 67 and 68 being accomplished before engagement of the pinion teeth 65 and 66 with the respective gears. After sufficient pressure has been applied between the plates 69 to insure This means is best illustrated rigidity, the pinion teeth and 66 are meshed with the corresponding gears and thereafter rotation of the handwheel 64 will impart equal movement to the shafts 69 and 19. In other words, rotation of the handwheel 64 in one direction will advance the shaft 69 and retract the shaft Ill an equal amount. As a result of this, the bearing support 4| may be adjusted transversely, while in any position of adjustment it is retained firmly in clamped, adjusted position. Furthermore, the pressure applied between plates 69 while sufficient to insure rigidity of the parts is not sufficient to prevent vertical movement of the end of the bearing support 4| through the medium of the mechanism previously discussed.

The foregoing movements of the right-hand end of the bearing support 4|, as illustrated in Figure 7, is permitted by reason of the connection between the supporting structure and the bearing support at its opposite end, as will now be described in conjunction with Figures 8 and 9. The left-hand end of the bearing support 4|, as seen in Figure 9, comprises a terminal portion 89 connected to the right-hand end: by a pair of arms 8|, one of which is shown broken away to expose cooperating structure in Figure 9.

The support 4| is retained against longitudinal movement by means of blocks 82 and 83 which are retained in sliding relation against machined surfaces of the portion 89. Blocks 82 and 83 are each provided with recesses for receiving the pointed ends of bolts 84 and 85 respectively; The bolts 84 and 85 are received in correspondingly threaded portions of the frame. The arrangement is such that the support 4| is firmly retained against longitudinal displacement, while at the same time the pressure exerted by blocks 82 and 833 permits vertical adjustment of the left hand end of the support 4| asfseen in Figure 9.

As seen in Figure 8, a similar arrangement is provided to retain the left-hand end of the support 4|, as seen in Figure 7, against transverse movement. This means comprises blocks 86 and 87 having seats for receiving thepointed end of clamping bolts 89 and 89 respectively. Bolts 88 and 89 are threaded in vertical webs 88a and 89a, respectively, and are provided with knurled heads by means of which they can be tightened to a desired degree by hand. The blocks 86 and 31, while retaining the end of the support 4| against transverse shifting, also permit vertical adjustment thereof.

Vertical adjustment of the left-hand end of the support 4|, as viewed in Figure 9, is accomplished by means of mechanism shown in Figures 8 and 9. A shaft 99 is mounted for rotation in the frame, a journaled support 9| being bolted or otherwise secured to the frame. The shaft 99 terminates in a handwheel 92 and a micrometer scale 93 is formed for cooperation with a collar 94 of the support 9|, the collar 94 having an index mark for cooperation with the graduations on the scale 93.

The shaft 96, at its inner end, terminates in a small beveled pinion 95 which meshes with a bevel gear 95, keyed or otherwise secured as indicated at 97 to a vertical shaft 98. An adjusting nut, best illustrated in Figure 9, is composed of an upper portion 99 and a lower portion M9, the

two portions being threaded together as indicated at HM and retained in assembled position by means of a lock screw I92. The upper portion 99 of the bolt is internally threaded and is in thread ed engagement with, the upper portion of the shaft 98. Rotation of the nut assembly is pre:

vented :by means of a pin I03 seated in a recess inthe portion 80 of the-supportdl and projecting through an Opening in an extension I34 on the upper portion 99 of the bolt. Portions 93 and Hill of the bolt are provided with spherical surfaces, as indicated at H35 and IE3, and seat against correspondingly shaped surfaces of washers I91 and I38 respectively. Rotation imparted to the shaft 98 by the handwheel 92 results in moving the left-hand end of the support 4| vertically. This motion of the left-hand end of the support 4| takes place as a swinging movement about an axis determined by the centers of the balls 43 previously referred to, and accordingly, due to the large radius of adjustment as well as the gear ratio between bevel pinion 95 and bevel gear 96, a very accurately controlled adjustment of the angularity of die blocks All carried by the support 4| is accomplished.

From the foregoing it will be observed that means are provided by virtue of which the die block which carries the bearing liners being machined may be very accurately adjusted relative to the unvarying'path of the broach. Furthermore, these adjustments may be efiected during operation of the machine. In other words, when a bearing is machined it may be accurately gauged, and if adjustments are found necessary they may be accomplished without disturbing the machine set-up as a Whole, and in general each adjustment may be made independently of the others.

The final adjustments of the die block effected by the three handwheels 54, 92 and 58 are, in order, a transverse adjustment of the die block in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the path of reciprocation of the broach; second, a rocking of the die block about a transverse axis passing through the center of the balls 43; and third,'a vertical adjustment of the die block relative to the path of reciprocation of the breach.

It will be observed that the transverse adjustment effected by the handwheel 65 actually is a swinging movement about the left-hand end of the support 4|, but due to the large radius this is in efiect a transverse adjustment and not an angular adjustment. However, in order that any slight deviation from alignment caused by the transverse adjustment referred to may be corrected, the left-hand end of the support 4I may be adjusted by means of the bolts 88 and 89 previously described and illustrated in Figure 8.

It may be mentioned at this time that the'path of reciprocation of the breach is maintained with substantially absolute accuracy, in part by reason of the strong compression springs IIO shown in Figure 21 which insure firm. pressure contact between the guiding V-ways 33a previously referred to. The springs H3 are received within seats HI in the crosshead I8 and bear against plates II2 which slide on accurately machined surfaces H3 of the frame 33.

Tool carriage drive The machine is provided with the motor 35 previously referred to which is effective to reciprocate the tool carriage Ifia.

Referring first to Figures 1 to 6, the motor 35 is connected by means of V-belts (not shown) which are driven from the spindle 35a of the motor 35 and connect to sheaves IZIJ and IZI mounted in a housing I22. The 'V-belts are protected by a cover I24. Sheaves I29 and I2I are carried by shafts I23, mounted in frame I32, only the lowermost of which is illustrated in Figure ill since the upper and lower drive shafts are identical. The shafts I23, being driven by a single series of V-belts, are both rotated in the same direction, and reversal of reciprocation of the tool carriage Ilia and crosshead I8 is accomplished by means of a reversible drive later to be described. The sheaves I20 and Ill are mounted for rotation on the shafts I23 and are adapted to be connected thereto by clutches I25 and I26, respectively. In addition one of the shafts, and in the example illustrated the upper shaft I23, is provided with a friction brake I28, as seen in Figure 1. Automatic controls are provided which will alternately connect the sheaves 23 and I2I to their corresponding shafts, and the shafts are both brought to rest during the interval between energization of the clutches by means of the brake I23. The shafts I23 are supported for free rotation, suitable bearings for this purpose being indicated at I33 and I3I. Each of the shafts is provided with a worm I32 which is provided with teeth extending at a sub stantial helix angle, as for example in the neighborhood of The worms I32 are each in constant mesh with a conjugate Worm gear I33 and the arrangement is such that while the worm gear I33 is driven by one of the worms I32, the other worm is reversely driven by the worm gear. This is permitted by reason of the high helix angle of the worms.

Referring now to Figure 6, the worms I32 are shown in mesh with the worm gear I33 which, in turn, is bolted or otherwise rigidly secured to a nut element I36 which is internally threaded to cooperate with threads indicated at I31 formed on connecting rod I38. The connecting rod I38 is rigidly and non-rotatably connected to the tool carriage IBa by means of locating plates I39 engaging in seats I49 of the connecting rod I38.

The nut I 36 is retained in the frame casting I22 against axial movement, a removable collar I4I taking the thrust in one direction and the nut I35 seating against a suitably shaped portion of the housing I22 at the right, as seen in Figure 6. From the foregoing it will be observed that rotation of the worm gear I33 in one particular direction will rotate the nut I36 and that this rotation of the nut I35 will feed the connecting rod I38 in one direction, while reverse rotation of the nut I36 will feed connecting rod I38 in the opposite direction.

The clutches I25 and I25 which operate to engage or disengage the sheaves I20 and I2I from their respective shafts are pneumatically operated, and also the brake I28 is pneumatically operated, corresponding air cylinders I250, I260 and I280. being provided for the purpose of operating 'the clutches and brake.

When the crosshead is moved to the left, as seen in Figure 6, the threaded end of the connecting rod I38 extends to the left considerably beyond the nut I36 and the housing I22, and in order that the projecting end of the connecting rod shall be at all times covered and protected I provide a sleeve I43 which is seated within a collar on the abutment I4I previously referred to.

In order to insure extreme rigidity of the machine, the parts are strongly braced, as best indicated in Figure l; the side elements of the frame are interconnected at each end by heavy castings I45 and I46. Casting I45 is connected to the housing I22 by longitudinal bracing rod I48 which lends additional support and rigidity to the bracket 34,

Work transfer and piling mechanism It will be recalled that the individual bearing liners are placed in the inclined chute I8 and are thereafter handled in fully automatic manner until the completed bearings are assembled in partly nested relation as indicated at 22 in Figure 2. The mechanism which performs the movement of the bearing liners will now be described in detail.

Reference is first made to Figures 10 to 14.

In these figures the chute I8 is indicated as having a fioor portion I88 and side walls I8I. The inclination of the floor portion I88 is such that the bearings I I slide by gravity. A turn-over device indicated generally at I4 is mounted in position to receive individual bearing liners, to invert the same, and to deposit the same on the bearing locator I2. Referring first to Figure 14, the turn-over mechanism comprises a casting I82 which is mounted for rotation in a portion of the frame indicated at I83. Rotation of the casting I82 is accomplished through the medium of the gears 328a later to be described, and is accordingly operated in timed relation to the raising and lowering of the yoke IE, but only on alternate strokes thereof, as will appear.

The casting I82 has a central bore I84 in which a piston rod I85 is mounted for reciprocation. Air conduits I86 and I81 are provided for admitting air alternately to opposite ends of the piston rod I 85. The bore I 84 is adapted to be closed at each end by threaded plugs I88.

Bolted or otherwise secured to the left-hand end of the casting I82, as. seen in Figure 14, is a cradle member I98 having a half-round cradle I9I, best seen in Figure 18, which is also provided with a stop finger I92. The bearings II slide down the chute I8 until one of the bearings is stopped by the finger I92.

Clamping means are provided for retaining the bearing on cradle I9I against the finger I92 during rotation of the turn-over mechanism and comprises a bracket I95 having a portion I98 engaging into a recess formed in the piston rod I85. The bracket I95 has a clamping portion I91 shaped to engage the upper concave surface of a bearing III and to retain the same firmly clamped against the cradle portion I9I of the member I98 previously described. Air is admitted through the conduits I85 and I81 in timed relation by means of controls, which will subsequently be described. In the'mechanical operface 284 has been withdrawn from ation, however, the clamping element I91 is brought down to clamp a bearing liner II and the clamping element I91 is retained in clamping position during rotation of the turn-over mechanism through 188. In Figure 14 the bearing .locator I2 is shown as mounted on the slide I3,

which is slidable on a stationary rod I3a. carried by the machine. The turn-over mechanism invertsthe bearing at a time when the bearing locator I2 is directly therebeneath, with the result that the bearing liner II is positioned directly over the bearing locator I 2. Atthis time, by means of the controls later to be described, air is reversed in the cylinder I84, moving the piston I85 in the opposite direction and releasing the clamping element I91. This permits the bearing to be accurately located within the hearing locator for subsequent operation.

Figures 10, 11 and 12 show succeeding stepsin the operation of the mechanism thus far'described. In Figure 10 a bearing Ila. is in positioniv on the cradle portion I! of the member I98 and by a camming member 284 carried by the slide I3. The finger 288 is biased in a direction out of engagement with the series ofbearings by means of a tension spring 285,

Means are provided for preventing downward movement of. the clamping element I 91, except when a bearing is to be inverted. This means takes the form of a stop 2I8 pivoted to the frame of the machine and adapted to engage the lower end of the piston rod I85.

The stop 2"] is adapted to be positioned by a camming member 2I I, movable with the slide I3, and best illustrated in Figure 1. The stop 2I8 is biased in a direction to prevent downward movement of the piston rod I by means of a weight 2I2, and is moved to clearance position as indicated in Figure 18 when the slide I3 is in the right-hand position. Figur 12 shows the stop 2 I8 in operative position engaged by piston I85.

Figure 11 illustrates the next step in the operation of the turn-over mechanism, and it will be observed that the entire turn-over mechanism has been inverted substantially or sufiicient to invert the bearing directly over the locator I2. As shown in this figure, the clamping element I91 is still engaging the bearing Ila and is retaining the same against the semicylindrical cradle portion I9I oi the member I98. The stop finger 288 is retaining the next succeeding bearing II?) from downward movement into contact with the turn-over mechanism. At this time, through th pneumatic controls later to be described in detail, the clamping element I91 is moved down out of contact with the bearing Ila, thus depositing the bearing Ila in accurately located position in the locator.

In Figure 12 a later step in the operation is illustrated, and at this time the stop 2I8 is shown as in position to engage the piston rod I85 and to prevent downward movement of the clamping element I81. Also at this time the camming surthe plunger 282 and the finger 288 is withdrawn from the path of advance of the bearing members by the tension spring 285. Accordingly, the next succeeding bearing III) will move downwardly until its motion is arrested by the finger I92. The following step in the operation, whichis not illustrated, will be clockwise movement of the finger-288,

The transfer mechanism comprises broadly the.

bearing locator I2 from which an unfinished bearing is transferred to the bearing diein the interior of the machine, the transfer yoke I8 which efi'ects the transfer of the unfinished bearing from the bearing locator I2 to the bearing die, and also effects the transferrof the completed bearing from the bearing die to the bearing receiver 20. The bearinglocatorl2 and the bearing receiver 20 are both mounted on the slide it and are adapted to be reciprocatedback and forth in timed relation to rotation of the yoke 16. The yoke, l6 and its associated mechanism is best illustrated in Figure 21, the yoke being indicated infull lines in lowermost position in this figure, and being indicated in dotted lines in upper position in this figure.

The yoke I6 is raised and lowered bymeans of a pneumatic cylinder 220 containing-a piston (not shown) carrying a connecting rod 22| secured to the-yoke l6 by means which will be described in detail. The yoke lB'has connected thereto a drawbar 222, and a bolt 223 connects the drawbar to the connecting rod 22L In order to prevent disconnection between the connecting rod 22! and the drawbar 222 by unscrewing of the bolt 223 during operation of the machine, a collar 224-is fastened to the lower end of the connecting rod 22! by a set'screw' 225, and the collar 224 carries a depending pin 226-which rests'upon the up per end of the drawbar' 222'. A second stop pin 221 is set intothe upper surface of the drawbar' at the same radial distance as the pin 226, so that relative rotation between these parts is limited to substantially 180 by engagement of the pins 226 and 22?. Initial connection between the two is established before the collar 224 is locked in position by the'set screw 225.

The yoke 16 has an' upstanding collar portion 235, and intermediate bushings 2 3| are provided intermediate thecollar 239-and column 232. The column 232 is provided with diametrically opposite slots indicated at 23-3, and a driving pin 234 extends diametrically across the collar 23! and passes through the slots 233; Guide blocks 235 are carried by driving pin 234 andfit within the elongated slots 233.

Secured'to the lower end of the column 232 is a gear zacwhich is adapted to rotate the column 232 and the yoke I5. Rotation is' imparted to the gear-2M)- by means of a rack 24'! which, in turn, is reciprocated by reciprocation of the slide 13 through arm 3W; This results in timed rotation of the yoke It in relation to reciprocation of the crosshead' I8 and slide l3, as will be readily apparent; A guide 242 iscarried by the frame of the machine and is adapted to be engaged by a follower 243-carried by one arm' of the yoke I5, so as to insure accurate registry of the pick-up mechanism atthe end" of the" yoke arm when the same is lowered into engagement with a bearing contained in the bearing locator.

The yoke l terminates at its opposite ends in pick-up devices H which include portions adapted to vfit within the concave bearing liners. and spring pressed fingers 245' which are adapted to snap over the lower edge of the bearing. The structure of these parts will later be described in detail.

The operation of the yoke and its associated mechanism, which together make up the transfer mechanism, will now be described in a sequence:

Assume that the yoke is inthe uppermost. position indicated in dotted line in Figure 21 and that an unfinished bearing hasbeen positionedin the bearing locator l2. 'Air 'is new admitted to the upper endofthe cylinder 220 and the yoke descendson what will be termed a pick-up stroke. Since a bearing is properly-positioned in the lecator the pick-up device-will engage the bearing andthe spring fingers 245 willsnap over the lowernedge of the bearing, thus retaining the same release the bearing. The yokelfithen rises to, the

dottedline position of Figure 6. A cutting stroke is made by the breaching, meansandconcurrently therewith the yoke reverselyrotates through180 while at the top of its stroke. Meanwhile, anew unfinishedv bearing has been positioned. in the bearing locator by the means previously described, and the yoke l 5 again descends on, a second pick-up stroke. At this stroke thepick-up devices, at both. ends of the yoke l6, operate to engage the bearing in the bearing die and in the bearing locator, and, the yoke again rises to uppermost position. It is again rotated through to position the unfinished bearing over thebearing die and to position the finished bearing over the bearing receiver 29, whichhas now been shifted to position to receive the finished bearing. The yoke Hi again descends on a second depositing. stroke, depositing the unfinished bearing in the die ifiand depositing the finished bearing in the bearing receiver, 25.

When the unfinished bearing is located in the bearing die, it, is rigidly clamped. in position therein prior to the broaching strokeof the crosshead Is" by means of clamps 250 terminating at their upper ends in clamping fingers 25!. The clamps 250 are partially supported by bolts 252,

having heads 253 extending through slots 254 inclamping members 259. An air cylinder 255 is provided, which is connected to the clamps 250 throughthe medium of a cross arm 256 connected to the pistonof the cylinder 255 by means of a connecting rod 251 having a bifurcated upper end. 258.. Means-areprovided for insuring simultaneous actuation of the clamps 250, and this, means takes the form. of an equalizer yoke 259.

pivoted as indicated at 26.0 to the frame of the machine and, having a pair of forwardly extending arms having rounded portions 25! received within slots 262 of the cross arm 255. The yoke is best seen in Figure9, and the cross arm 256,

is best illustrated in Figure 21. The lower ends ofthe clamping bars 250 are connected together by tension spring 263 which tends to swing the upper end of the clamping bars outwardly. This is assisted by springs 264, seated on the top of the. cross bar 255 and received within cup-like projections, 255. on the clamping bars 250.

When air is admitted to the upper end of-the clamping cylinder 255, the cross bar 256 is-moved downwardly; and the upper ends of the clampingbars 253 are cammedinwardly by reasonof,cam-- ming surfaces 251 formed on'the clamping fingers 25| previously referred to.

As best seen in Figures 1 and 2, the bearing re ceiver' 2.0 is pivoted to the slide l3 as indicated at 210 and has an arm Z'H' extending, therefrom,

carrying a weight 212 whichurges the receiver 20 ina counterclockwise direction to theposition indicatedin Figure 2.

During reciprocation of the slide l3, the bearing, receiver. 20' is maintained by suitable camming; meansinthe position shown in Figure 1,

andit. is only when the slide l3. moves to the extreme left position, as shown in these figures,

that the bearing receiver 20 is permitted to rotate in counterclockwise direction by reason of the counterweight 212. When the bearing receiver 20 tips to the position shown in Figure 2, the finished bearing slides downwardly thereon and is deposited on a pivoted piler 274. This piler has a lever 215 extending therefrom, connected by a link 216 to the crank 21'! which is operated from the cam at the rear of the machine, as will be described. Movement of the slide l3 to 'theright to the position shown in Figure 1 results in a tipping of the piler 274 to the position shown in Figure 1 which results in dropping the bearing on the table 2| in partially nested relation with previously finished bearings, and pushing the stack or pile of bearings along the table sufiicient to accommodate the last finished bearing.

The foregoing description has described the mechanism which advances a bearing from the chute 0 to the machine and deposits it in finally finished condition on the table 2|. The operation of the mechanism thus far described is fully automatic, and it is only necessary for the operator to keep a supply of bearings in the chute l and to remove the accumulation of completed bearings from the table 2i.

Mechanical movement 0 parts The prime mover of the machine is the motor 35 which, through the medium of the double re versible worm gear connection, results in reciprocation of the crosshead [8. A number of other moving parts are mechanically actuated by move ment of the crosshead, as will now be described.

Referring first to Figure i, a cam plate 300 is mounted on the frame 30 for longitudinal reciprocation, the cam plate 300 having rollers indicated at Bill and 302 which engage in a slot 303 provided in the frame. The cam plate 300 ha an inclined slot 304 provided therein, terminating at its ends in horizontal portions 305 and 306. Movement is imparted to the cam plate by means of an arm 30'! projecting from tool carriage l8a, as shown at the left in Figure 21. Mounted on the base of the frame 30 is a transverse shaft indicated at 3l0, which has keyed or otherwise secured adjacent the rear end thereof a lever 3 which is connected by means of a link 3l2 to a cam follower 3l3 received within the slot 304.

Reciprocation of the tool carriag l8a transmits similar reciprocatory motion to the cam plate 300 through the medium of the arm 301, and this results in vertical movement of the cam follower 3|3, the link 3|2 being retained against longitudinal movement by a bracket indicated at 3 I 4. This movement of the cam follower 3l3 results in oscillation of the shaft 310.

At the front of the machine, as best illustrated in Figure l, the shaft 3I0 has secured thereto a short lever arm 211, previously referred to, which is connected to the slide l3 through the medium of a link M5, the link being provided for the purpose of changing the oscillating motion of the lever 217 in direct linear motion of the slide [3. The motion of the slide 13 is between limits such that the bearing locator l2 previously referred to may be aligned with the yoke 16 in one extreme position of the slide, and will be aligned with the tum-over device l2 including the cradle I9l at the other extreme pobearing therefrom.

The slide I3 is provided with an upwardly projecting arm 3l8 (Figures 1, 2 and 4) which engages with the rack 24l previously referred to. It will be recalled that the rack 24! meshes with the gear 240 which i connected to the column which supports the yoke [6. Accordingly, as the slide I3 is reciprocated, rotation is imparted to the yoke and the parts are constructedand arranged such that the yok is rotated through an arc of 180 while the slide l3 moves from one limiting position to the other.

Reciprocation of th crosshead It also results in movement of a control bar 320, whose function will later be described in conjunction with the pneumatic system. Suifice it to say for the present that the control bar 320 is provided with semicircular ends 32I which are adapted to be abutted alternately by either end of the crosshead l0 as it moves to limiting position. Other means later to be described are provided for moving the control bar away from the crosshead I8 while the same is at rest.

Means previously described are provided for raising and lowering the yoke l8 and also for rotating the same through an arc of 180 while the yoke is in elevated position. The arms of yoke l6, as best seen in Figures 20 and 21 are provided with openings 325. At the side of the column 232 is mounted a short rack section 326, which is meshed with a pinion 321. The pinion 327 is connected with a shaft 328, shown in Figure 3, which, in turn, is geared to the casting I82 of the turn-over device I 4 by gears indicated gen erally at 328a.

In Figure 21 l have indicated the rack 326 in depressed position and I have shown an abutment 329 carried by one of the arms of the yoke 16. It will be noted-that a similar abutment is not provided at the other opening 325 so that the rack 32% will be depressed only on alternate downward strokes of the yoke.

A housing bracket 330 is provided for receiving the rack 326 in upper position and suitable means, such for example as a spring, are provided for returning the rack to upper position on upward movement of the yoke. It will be appreciated that the openings 325 are provided in both arms of the yoke for the purpose of clearing the rack housing 330. In Figure 2, the rack 326 and the housing 330 are both shown as extending upwardly through the right-hand arm of the yoke l6.

Sequence of mechanical movement Before describing the pneumatic system which controls the apparatus, the sequence of mechanical movement will be briefly reviewed. As a starting position, it is assumed that the yoke is in uppermost position and that it has a finished bearing in the outboard pick-up device and an unfinished bearing in the inboard pick-up device.

The slide I3 is in right-hand position so that the bearinglocator l2 is beneath the cradle 19! and the bearing receiver is in line with the transfer mechanism [5 including the yoke it.

The yoke it now moves downwardly, downward movementof the yoke actuating the rack 326 and rotating the cradle l9i through gears 328a,, thus inverting an unfinished bearing and positioning the same directly above the bearing locator I2. The bearing is deposited in the bearing die in the interior of the machine, and a finished bearing is simultaneously deposited on the bearing receiver 20. The bearing carriedby the cradle I9! is deposited in the bearing locator and the yoke moves upwardly. V g 1 through 180 by gear 240. completes its reverse movement it again moves Upward movement of the yoke permits the cradle 1-9 to return to its initial position .so as to receive a succeeding bearing. When the :yoke [6 reaches uppermost position, the clamping xcylinder 255 is energized and the :clamping .elements 25 are .brought into tight clamping engagement with the unfinished bearing in the bearing die. Following this, the appropriate clutchof ithe .driving mechanismis energizedand the :crossheadllii is moved to the right in a cutting stroke, thus broaching the bearing to :accurate size. .lviovementof the crosshead' to the righteven'tually engages the right-hand=end of the controlbar 32l and moves the same to neutralposition, performing -a function in the automatic control system which will later be described.

Translation of the crosshead l 8 tothe right results *in an opposite :translation of the slide l 3 to the left, moving the bearingireceiver 23 adjacent the piler'mechanism Zlland depositing-the'finished-bea'ring thereon. Movement of the slide 1 3 to the left is arrested when the bearing locator I2 is accurately aligned with the transfer mechanism l5. Movement of the slide 13 to the left operates the rack -24! and rotates :the yoke 16 through -180, thus positioning the yoke for the succeeding pick-up stroke.

The yoke now descends, but the rack 326 is not actuated-at this time since the actuatinglug 329 will'be located on the inboard arm of the position where the bearing receiver 20 is positioned-opposite the transfer mechanism -I-5, and the bearing locator -I2 is positioned under the cradle IQi. Yoke I6 is also reversely rotated As the crosshead is the control bar 321 to intermediate position, as will later be described in detail. The yoke l6 now descends onra depositing stroke and the spring catches of .the pick-up device are pneumatically released, thus depositing an. unfinished bearing in the-bearing die and a'completed bearing in 'thebearingreceiver 28. At'this time downward movementof the yoke actuates the rack 326 and operates the turn-overmechanism M, which resultsin depositing'another unfinished bearing in the bearing locator I2. Upward'movementiof the yoke l6 completes the cycle and restores the parts to' the condition assumed initially.

Bearing locatorpick-up device and air release Referring to Figures 17, 18 and -19, I have illustrated in detail'the bearing locator which receives the bearing liners from the loading chute, a pick-up device for picking the bearing out of the bearing locator for transfer to the bearing .die,and the pneumatic release which operates the stripping levers of the pick-up device.

In Figure '18 the bearing locator I2 is shown in section as comprising a'main portion 510 rigidly'mounted onthe base 5!! which is secured to the slide [-3 previously referred to. The-bearing locator comprises essentially a pairof coopcrating "webs .512 and :5l3 having their upper portions shaped :as indicated generally at 15l-4 for receiving a bearing liner .in proper position 'for transfer .to the bearing die. The web -'5l3 is pivoted as indicated at 526 to the main portion 5 I B. A tension spring 5| 7 interconnects the two portions and normally :retains :them in the position shown .in Figure 18.

The purpose of this arrangement is to provide a safety feature which will prevent transfer of a bearing "to the bearing .die in-the interiorof'the machine unless the bearing is of proper size and is properly positioned in the bearing ;locator. If .it happens that the :bearing is improperly positioned in the bearing locator l2 the pick-up device later :to ibe "described in detail will not .register .accuratelywith the bearing liner and will force the pivoted portion 5L3 of the locator outwardly, thus permitting the improperly positioned ;bearing .liner to ..drop out.

.In'Figure 19 :Ihave illustrated a pick-up devicegadaptedto pickup-a bearing outof the bearing locator.l,2 and-transfer thesame to the bearing 'die. The :pick-up device .is made .up of an air cylinder 520 which is clamped in a .sleeve portion 52! :at-thexend :of the yoke l6 previously described. The upper end .of the cylinder 520 is tapped as indicated at 522 for connection to an air conduit. Mounted within the cylinder 529 is a piston 523 rigidly secured to a piston The piston 523 is provided with peripheral notches as indicated at 525, permitting passage of air thereabout for a purpose which will presently appear. The lower end of the cylinder 5251 is provided with diametrically opposite ears 52% and stripping levers 521 are pivoted thereto, slots being provided in the lower portion of the cylinder for receiving the-stripping levers. An unloading shoe 528 is bolted or otherwise secured to the lower end. of the cylinder and assembled therewith is a locator element 529 of a. size adapted to fit accurately within the open side of a bearing liner. The unloading shoe 528 is provided with slots as shown for the reception of the stripping lever 521.

The-piston rod 524 is provided with a transverse slot 530 adapted to receive rounded ends 51H of arms 532 formedon the stripping levers 521. The lower portion'of the stripping levers 521 are provided with projections 533 adapted to be positioned beneath'the bearing and to lock the same in position in the pick-up device as indicated in the figure. In this figure the bearing is shown at l I.

A compression spring 534 is located within the cylinder and urges the connecting rod 524 upwardly as shown. This tends to urge the lower ends of the-stripping lever 52'! resiliently inwardly in looking relation to the bearing. Air is admitted by meanswhich will presently be described to the upper-end of the cylinder over the piston523, moving the same downwardly against the compressionspring'534, thereby releasing the bearing liner element ll contained therein. 'When air is cutoff, spring 534 returns rsnizsston 523 upwardly,'air'escapingpast grooves Means for controlling theadmission of air to the cylinder 520 is'shown in detail in Figurel'l.

'In this figure' I-have indicated at-540 a portion of the'frame' of the-machine shaped to provide 'anenlargedairchamber 54! which, in-;turn, is

connected'to' a' source -of air through ;a conduit 542. A valve seat 543 is securedin-closing relation at the upper end of the chamber 54! and a valve 544 is vertically slidable in the air chamber 54!. The valve 544 is provided with a plurality of grooves 555 at its periphery whichpermit a flow of air past the valve when the same is in the position shown in Figure 17.

Normally the valve 544 is maintained in seated position against the valve seat 543 by compression spring 544a, at which time the upper end of the air chamber 54! is efiectively sealed since the grooves 555, previously described, will be closed ofi at their upper ends at this time by the engagement between the valve 544 and the valve seat 543.

Over the air chamber 54! is an opening which is partially closed by an annular member 556 containing a sealing ring 551.

The pick-up devices shown in Figure 19 which are located at opposite ends of the yoke !6 previously described, are connected to an air supply conduit which communicates with anipple 485 carried by the yoke !6. The opening 486 in the frame which contains the sealing ring 551 is adapted to receive the nipple 485 when the yoke !6 moves downwardly into conjunction with the frame. As will subsequently be described, the nipple 485, being mounted eccentrically of the yoke, enters the opening 486 only on alternate down strokes of the yoke, these strokes being the so-called deposit strokes.

As will be apparent from Figure 17, the air chamber 54! is sufliciently large to hold a substantial charge of air under pressure. When the nipple 485 enters the opening 486 and moves the valve 544 away from the valve seat 543 the accumulated air in the chamber 54! flows through the grooves 555 and out an opening 560 through the nipple 435. This air is led by suitable conduits to the cylinder 520 of the pick-up devices, moving the piston downwardly in a manner to release the stripping levers 521.

Pneumatic control system The port 356 is connected to an exhaust line 351. :1

Pilots 366 and 36! are connected asshown. The pilot 366 has a port 362 which is connected to the main air line 364 by a line 363 and has an outlet port 365 connected to an outlet line 366. The line 366 is connected by a line 361 to a control port 366 of the reversing valve 350. The

line 366 also connects to an inlet port 363 of the pilot valve 35!. The pilot valve 360 has an exhaust port 313 connected to an exhaust line 31!.

This pneumatic system is one which is known to the art as a Ross system, and the reversing valve 350 is arranged such that when line pressure is admitted to the control port 368 a connection is made between the inlet port 35! and the outlet port 352. When the air pressure applied through the port 363 is released, the valve 354 reverses and the inlet port 35! is connected to the outlet port 353. When the inlet port 35! is connected to the outlet port 352 the other outlet port 353 is connected to the exhaust port 356.

In like manner when the inlet port is connected to the outlet port 353, the other outlet port 352 is connected to the exhaust port 356.

The pilots 360 and 36! are provided with actuating buttons 312 and are so arranged that when the button 312 is depressed, the ports 362 and 365 in the one case, or 369 and 31! in the other case, are directly connected. The valves contained within the pilots 360 and 36! are retained closed by spring pressure, except when mechanically opened.

If the actuating button 362 of the pilot 360 is depressed, air is admitted through the lines 363, 366 and 361 to the control port 368 of the reversing valve 350, thus connecting the inlet port 35! of the reversing valve with the outlet port 352, and connecting the other outlet port 353 of the reversing valve with the exhaust port 356. When the button 312 of the pilot 360 is released, the air in the lines 366 and 361 is trapped and the reversing valve remains in the position just described. However, when the button 312 of the other pilot valve is depressed, the air trapped within the line 361 is released through the pilot 36! via the outlet port 310. This relieves the pressure on the control port 363 of the reversing valve and the valve reverses, connecting the inlet port with the outlet port 353, and connecting the other outlet port 352 to the exhaust port 356. When the button 312 of the pilot valve 36! is released, the reversing valve 350 remains in the position just described until the next actuation of the control button of the other pilot valve 360.

Referring again to Figure 15, I have illustrated four reversing valves, 400, 40!, 402 and 403. Each reversing valve has a pair of pilot valves which are designated at 400a, 4001), 1mm, 40H), 492a, 4021), 403a and 4036. The reversing valve 400 is connected to the reverse clutch I26 which, when energized, causes the crosshead !8 to move to the left on an idle stroke. The reversing valve 40! is connected to the forward clutch !25 which, when energized, causes the crosshead Is to' move to the right on a cutting stroke. The reversing valve 402 is connected to an air cylinder 4!0, having a piston 4! connected, by a connecting rod M2 to a lever 4|3, which is pivoted as indicated at 4! 4. The function of the lever 4! 3 will be fully described later. The reversing valve 403 is connected to the cylinder 220, which eiiects raising and lowering of the yoke !6.

The control bar 320 has a rack portion 426 engaging a gear 42! connected to a shaft 422, terminating in a control disc 423 having a depending finger 424 received within an openended slot 425 of an actuating lever 426. The lever 426 operates a reversing valv 421 having outlet lines 426 and 429 connected to opposite sides of the clamping cylinder 255 for actuation of the clamping members 250.

The control bar 320 has three operative positions, namely, an intermediate neutral position and two extreme positions which actuate controls, as will subsequently be described. The slot 425 of .the actuating lever 426 is open at its outboard end, and the finger 424 is adapted to swing the lever in a manner to operate the reversing valve 421 when the control bar moves from its intermediate to its left-hand position, or vice versa. When the control bar moves from its intermediate position-to its right-hand position, or vice versa, the finger 424 moves out of the slot 425 and the lever 426 remains in the position shown until the control bar again moves from inter- 

